Threats and Promises Game

A Puzzle with Preferences

A puzzle in rational preference change.

On May 11, 2022, “The President of Finland, Sauli Niinistö [] told a news conference in Helsinki that Russia’s invasion of Ukraine “changed the picture” on the country’s security.

In a message to Russia he said, “you caused this – look at the mirror”.

Mr Niinistö was speaking after he signed a joined security pact with Boris Johnson.”



There was some debate on LinkedIn about whether this type of military alliance change had been seen before.


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